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**Theme:** IMMIGRATION **Topic:** English, German, and Irish Immigration **Free Response Question**: Compare the experience of the following groups of immigrants during the period 1830 to 1860 Introductory Paragraph **Setting:** Between 1830 and 1860, the United States witnessed a mass migration of immigrants from all across the globe.
 * English
 * Irish
 * Germans

**Basis for Analysis**: Most newcomers came from Ireland, Germany, and England to find better opportunities and to escape their problems back at home.

**Partitions**: In order to compare the experiences of the Irish, Germans, and English, one must access their reasons for leaving their home countries and what they faced in America.

**Thesis:** The Irish left Ireland due to a potatoes famine and faced the short term problem of discrimination, violence, and poverty in the U.S. and long term religious and political influence. The Germans left Germany due to a failed uprising against the authoritarian Prussian state and high unemployment rates but lived in better conditions than the Irish and had a smaller political influence. The English left England to escape growing urbanization and industrialization and barely faced any hostility and persecution in the U.S.

**Partition 1:** the Irish · Potato famine: potatoes were the Irish’s main food and in 1845, the crop failed to grow

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Irish fled to the U.S. to avoid starvation

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Most Irish immigrants were single women who found work as servants and sent money back to Ireland.

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Lacked resources to move farther west than the eastern seaport cities

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Faced struggles against poverty, discrimination, and religious persecution

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Irish competed with African Americans for the lowest paying jobs

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Anti-Irish sentiment reached violent extremes where mobs attacked and assaulted the Irish

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Nevertheless, by the 1850s, the Irish had gained a measure of influence by filling many high positions in the U.S. catholic church and had become active in the Democratic party

<span style="background-color: #808000; color: #e1ff00; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left;">**Partition 2:** the Germans <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· In Germany, new textile factories could not accommodate all the urban workers who sought jobs

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Uprising against authoritarian Prussian state had failed in 1848 and Germans fled to the U.S.

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Immigrants arrived with enough money to buy farmland in the Midwest

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Migrants were diverse- Protestants, Catholics, Jews, etc.

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Difficult to work and provide for the family at the same time

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Concentrated on acquiring farm lands

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Less political influence than Irish

<span style="background-color: #0000ff; color: #00ff00; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;">** Partition 3: ** the English <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Sought to escape the growing urbanization and industrialization

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Accepted by Americans and faced little hostility

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Found opportunities and a new life

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Usually migrated into towns or already cultivated lands because many were unprepared for frontier conditions

<span style="background-color: #800080; color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 23px; text-align: left;">General Information: <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· When specific ethnic or cultural groups disperse from one place to many different places, they produce a Diaspora

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Migrations are the result of two historical phenomena:

o An emerging world economy with intense demand for labor

o Desire to flee poverty and persecution, and to seek out land, jobs, and religious and political freedom

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· During this era, 2.3 million immigrants entered the U.S.

<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Birds of Passage- people who came to the US to earn enough money to make a better living back in their home country

<span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -40px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 2076px; width: 1px;"> Compare the experience of the following group of immigrants during the period 1830 to 1860 <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -40px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; text-indent: -0.25in; top: 2076px; width: 1px;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· English <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -40px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; text-indent: -0.25in; top: 2076px; width: 1px;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· Irish <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -40px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; text-indent: -0.25in; top: 2076px; width: 1px;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· German