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**Theme:** Reconstruction **Topic:** Economic consequences of the civil war **Free Response Question**: Analyze the economic consequences of the civil war with respect to the following in the United States between 1865 and 1880. Agriculture Labor Industrialization Transportation Introductory Paragraph **Setting: **The Civil War, from 1861 to 1865, was one of the most horrible conflicts America has ever faced. **Basis for Analysis**: The aftermath of the Civil War was just as horrible as the war itself, because the war caused drastic changes in all aspects of American society. The economic changes were some of the most significant and lasting changes. **Partitions**: Because of the Thirteenth Amendment, slavery was illegal, so many blacks became sharecroppers, and labor sources in other parts of the country changed as well. The Civil War also stimulated the industrialization process in America, with several significant inventions and the American system of manufacturing. Industrialization also led to change in agriculture and farming methods, which disrupted the labor system in America. **Thesis:** Because of these factors, the economic consequences of the Civil War produced significant changes in American society. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left;">Outside Knowledge (OK) for each partition - delete these instructions after you have read them. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: left;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">3-4 pieces of evidence
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">Define the most significant events, controversies, agreements
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">Specific details, concisely stated

<span style="background-color: #e1ff00; color: #ff4700; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: left;">**Partition 1:** Because of the Thirteenth Amendment, slavery was illegal, so many blacks became sharecroppers, and labor (sources and worker organizations) in other parts of the country changed as well. <span style="background-color: #808000; color: #e1ff00; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left;">**Partition 2:** The Civil War also stimulated the industrialization process in America, with several significant inventions and the American system of manufacturing; while good for the country, these inventions often put humans out of work.
 * Cycle of indebtedness- freed blacks were not able to move from the south, stayed in the south and became sharecroppers, were not educated, land owners took advantage of them
 * This did not greatly change labor in the South, blacks were still trapped in a vicious cycle, blacks still worked for rich whites, except now they were paid the bare minimum
 * 1865- Freedmen's Bureau- helped mediate between freed slaves and white employers. Signified new level of governmental interference in welfare.
 * 1865- Central Pacific Railroad- first time Chinese workers were employed in the United States
 * Replaced the standard Irishmen; Chinese were recognized as much more efficient workers
 * 1868- Burlingame Treaty- protected Chinese immigrants and workers in the United States
 * Worker's Organizations
 * 1866- National Labor Union- united farmers and factory workers
 * 1869- Knights of Labor- supported private property rights and the independence of the laborer
 * farmers, entrepreneurs, and factory workers
 * Several new inventions
 * 1876- Bell and the telegraph
 * 1877- Edison and the phonograph
 * 1879- Edison and the lightbulb
 * Inventions such as the shoe-lasting machine put human beings out of work. This becomes a common trend for the rest of the 19th century and the 20th century as well.
 * American System of Manufacturing
 * Manufacturers created a large number of a particular part; made products easier to fix ad redesign and faster to assemble
 * This method was cheaper, faster, more efficient
 * because of the nature of this system, it spurred innovation

<span style="background-color: #0000ff; color: #00ff00; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;">** Partition 3: ** Industrialization also led to a change in agriculture and farming methods, which disrupted the labor system in America.
 * New inventions
 * 1879- self-binding harvester
 * 1882- self-steering, self-propelled tractor
 * improvements in irrigation
 * these inventions saved labor and simplified farming, as well as transcended international boundaries. The desire for advanced farming was international
 * Benefited consumers, made produce cheaper
 * 1864- US Department of Agriculture created to control land use in America, began to provide information to farmers in the 1880's
 * New technology disrupted labor patterns
 * Labor-saving devices meant less hands needed, so agriculture labor needs dropped drastically
 * Introduced question: Is improved machinery good or bad?

<span style="background-color: #800080; color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 23px; text-align: left;">General Information: <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;">Duration: 1865-1880 <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;">The state society was in before the Civil War (slaves, manual labor, etc.) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;">Basic changes in the Postbellum period (freed slaves, etc.) that catapulted the change <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;">Machines in any field reduced the need for manual labor <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;">cycle of indebtedness- freed slaves were still basically slaves