JUAN+B+ --+ Reform+movements+of+the+twentieth

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**Theme:** Reform Movements **Topic:** Continuity in Reform Movements **Free Response Question**: Reform movements of the twentieth century have shown continuity in their goals and strategies. Assess the validity of this statement for ONE of the following pairs of reform movements. -Progressivism and the New Deal -Women's suffrage and post-Second World War Feminism -The New Deal and the Great Society Introductory Paragraph **Setting:** The Progressive Movement of the early 1900's and the New Deal program in the 1930's were both reform policies set up by the government with the intention of solving social problems through the use of federal programs and initiatives. **Basis for Analysis**: In order to assess the validity of this statement, one must first analyze the different programs within these movements, and compare their goals and strategies. **Partitions**: This can be done by assessing each of the movements' positions regarding labor, social reform, and civil rights. **Thesis:** And although the two movements did have their differences, the similarities in their respective goals and strategies clearly show ideological continuity

**Partition 1:** Labor

__** Progressive Era -**__
 * Strike of 1909**: November 1909, 15000 garment workers went on strike demanding shorter work hours, overtime pay, union recognition, and better working conditions. Strike ended with failed compromise when they rejected an offer for better wages and working conditions, but no union recognition.
 * Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire**: Less than 2 years after Strike of 1909, 800 workers trapped in fire of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, mostly Jewish and Italian Women. Interior doors were locked to prevent women from taking unauthorized breaks.
 * The National Child Labor Committee**: Organized in 1904 to regulate or eliminate child labor.
 * Florence Kelley and The National Consumers' League (NCL)**: Kelley headed NCL from 1898 until her death in 1932. NCL became most effective lobbying agency for protective labor legislation for women and children. Defended //Muller v. Oregon// in 1908 of 10 hour work day for women.
 * Eastern Pennsylvania Strike**: Called for union recognition, 10-20 percent wage increase, and an 8 hour work day. Roosevelt threatened to send in troops if mine owners did not agree to the union's request.

__**New Deal-**__
 * National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA):** Established a series of fair competition codes. Created National Recovery Administration (NRA) to write, coordinate, and implement codes. NIRA section 7a guaranteed labor's right to organize (later found unconstitutional)
 * National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act):** Recognized right of employees to join labor unions and to bargain collectively, reinstating NIRA section 7a. Created National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to enforce laws against fair labor practice.

**Partition 2:** Social Reform __** Progressive Era- **__
 * 19th Amendment**: Gave women right to vote
 * The Jungle**: Story of Jurgis Rudkus and family and friends. Provided grim look into horrid living and working conditions. Depiction of meatpacking plant where Rudkus worked described rats, filth, human body parts. Led to passage of Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act.

__**New Deal-**__
 * Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)**: Provided federal funds for state and local relief efforts.
 * Civil Works Administration (CWA)**: Provided federal jobs for the unemployed
 * Federal One**: Provided financial assistance for writers, artists, musicians, and actors.
 * Social Security Act**: Created a system of social insurance that included unemployment compensation and old-age survivors' insurance. Paid for by a joint tax on employers and employees.
 * Farm Mortgage Act**: Provided funds to refinance farm mortgages.

<span style="background-color: #0000ff; color: #00ff00; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;">** Partition 3: ** Civil Rights __**Progressive Era-**__ **Ida B. Wells- Barnett**: Launched international crusade against lynchings in 1890's. Worked closely with Jane Addams to prevent establishment of segregation in Chicago schools.
 * W. E. B. Dubois**: Joined with other black leaders to form Niagra Movement. Called for end of segregation and discrimination in unions, the courts, and public accomodations. Also equal economic and educational opportunity.
 * National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)**: Founded in 1908 by black leaders and white progressive allies. Jane Addams, John Dewey, William Dean Howells. Du Bois became editor of its journal, //The Crisis//.

__**New Deal-**__
 * Eleanor Roosevelt**: Although FDR was reluctant to to support an anti-lynching bill in congress for fear of alienating the South, First Lady campaigned vigorously against lynching.
 * Marian Anderson**: Denied the right to perform at Constitution Hall by Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) because she was black. Eleanor resigned from DAR and arranged for Anderson to perform at Lincoln Memorial.

<span style="background-color: #800080; color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 23px; text-align: left;">General Information: <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;">**Transition Period-- Laissez Fair -> Regulation** <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;">**Time Periods**: Progressive Era (1900-19120) <span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;"> New Deal (1930s)


 * Growth of Federal Government**